課程資訊
課程名稱
第一原理計算材料物理學
First-principles Computational Materials Physics 
開課學期
107-1 
授課對象
理學院  物理學研究所  
授課教師
郭光宇 
課號
Phys8129 
課程識別碼
222 D3430 
班次
 
學分
3.0 
全/半年
半年 
必/選修
選修 
上課時間
星期一7,8,9(14:20~17:20) 
上課地點
新物304 
備註
總人數上限:30人
外系人數限制:2人 
Ceiba 課程網頁
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1071Phys8129_ 
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課程概述

從遠古的銅器時代到今日的半導體資訊時代,人類向來是透過掌握和操控新材料而進步,其文明因而以新材料來命名。材料的發展推動了經濟、社會和科學的進步,進而改變了人們日常生活的方式。由於近來高速計算機,先進數值算法和多體量子理論的出現,材料科學已邁入一個全新的時代。在這個新時代裡,使用建立在量子物理上的第一原理(first principles)計算研究可以補充,有時甚至取代,傳統的嘗試錯誤實驗法(try-and-error experimentation)。所謂「第一原理」是指在計算過程中不需要由實驗提供經驗參數,只要知道組成材料的元素便可直接從求解其對應的薛定格方程,算出其所擁有的物性。應用第一原理計算,科學家可以引導尖端材料的研發,可以理解材料是怎樣形成的,外界條件會產生怎樣的影響以及可以如何改造材料使其具有更佳的性能。先進的第一原理計算已經能預言複雜真實的材料系統裡所發生的現象,亦即科學家可以通過「電腦實驗」研究一些人類目前無法做實驗的重要課題,如地球內部物質在高壓和高?下的物理和化學性質。1998年諾貝爾獎頒給了理論物理學家華特柯恩(Walter Kohn)教授和理論化學家約翰波普(John Pople)教授,不但肯定他們對材料科學的卓著貢獻,也確認了第一原理計算材料科學的重要性。第一原理計算目前已成為世界上科學家探討尖端材料新穎性質以及研發和設計新功能材料不可缺少的工具。臺灣是個人電腦的製造王國,發展第一原理計算材料科學有其得天獨厚的優勢。而且量子物理是臺灣半導體電子產業奇蹟的科學基礎,第一原理計算對當前臺灣電子產業界努力研發新一代十奈米級元件及技術尤其重要。
本課程擬利用郭光宇和楊志開教授豐富的研究和教學經驗及技術know-how’s幫助臺灣培養新一代凝態物理和尖端材料的高階科技人才。本講座課程規劃二個部分,第一部分講解做第一原理計算所需的基礎知識。第二部分指導學生用第一原理方法計算真實材料的結構,能帶,電、光、磁、熱性質等,包括老師課堂講解、演示和學生課堂、課後練習。每單元(兩周)講解一種性質,例如結構單元將介紹計算矽的結構相圖並和高壓實驗比較,磁學單元將介紹計算鐵的磁矩和磁矩間的耦合強度並估算其磁相變居里溫度。 

課程目標
This one-semester course would require three-hours per week. It would consist of two parts which are made up of units. Each unit would last for two weeks. Part I would be about the theoretical foundations of ab initio calculations. In particular, in unit 1, Prof. Guo would introduce the translational symmetry of crystals and its consequences, e.g., reciprocal lattices and Bloch theorem, which could be used to substantially simplify the ab initio calculations. In unit 2, Prof. Guo would describe the density functional theory, currently the theoretical foundation of almost all ab initio calculations, and related approximations as well as theoretical aspects of electronic structure calculation and molecular dynamical simulation. In unit 3, the popular numerical algorithms and computational methods for ab initio calculations would be introduced. There will be one written homework assignment for each unit.
In part II, each unit would be a mixture of lectures and hands-on excises. In part II, each unit would focus on one major physical property of materials and in part III, one topic of current research interest. The hands-on excises will be demonstrated in the classes, and the students can perform the calculations either in the classes or at home after the classes. The hands-on excises will be designed so that they can be carried on either a laptop/desk-top computer or a PC cluster provided by the National Taiwan University or the National Center for High-performance Computing. Since there are about sixteen weeks each semester, only about three properties from the above list of part II will be covered in one semester and the specific properties chosen will depend on the type and interest of the students in the year. 
課程要求
先修課程
[1] 量子物理(Quantum Physics) or 近代物理 (Modern Physics)
[2] 固態物理導論(Introduction to Solid State Physics) 
預期每週課後學習時數
 
Office Hours
 
指定閱讀
Lecture notes and hand-outs. 
參考書目
The course will be largely based on lecture notes and hand-outs.
The principal reference book:
[1] Electronic Structure: Basic Theory and Practical Methods by Richard M.
Martin (Cambridge U. P., 2004).
Other references include:
[2] Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel (John Wiley & Sons).
[3] Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin.
[4] Planewaves, Pseudopotentials and The LAPW Method by David J. Singh and Lars
Nordstrom (2nd edition) (Springer, 2006)
[5] Theory of Itinerant Electron Magnetism (revised edition) by Juergen Kuebler
(Oxford U. P., 2010).
[6] VASP User's Guide (Manual) (https://www.vasp.at/index.php/documentation)
[7] Introduction to Computational Physics by Tao Pang (Cambridge U. Press, 1997) 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
 
No.
項目
百分比
說明
1. 
Homework 
50% 
 
2. 
Midterm exam 
25% 
 
3. 
Final exam 
25% 
 
 
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
第1週
9/10  Ch. 1. Introduction to First-principles Calculations; Ch. 2. Crystal Structures  
第2週
9/17  Ch. 2. Crystal Structures; Hands-on excise.  
第3週
9/24  Mid-Autumn Festival holiday/no class 
第4週
10/01  Ch. 3. Electrons in Periodic Potentials.  
第5週
10/08  Ch. 4. Density Functional Theory  
第6週
10/15  Ch. 4. Density Functional Theory; Hands-on excises.  
第7週
10/22  Ch. 5 Methods for Electronic Structure Calculations  
第8週
10/29  ASIAN-21 Workshop/no class 
第9週
11/05  Take-home Mid-term Exam  
第10週
11/12  Ch. 6 Molecular Dynamics Simulations (lecture)  
第11週
11/19  Ch. 6 Molecular Dynamics Simulations (hands-on excises)  
第12週
11/26  Ch. 7 Calculation of Phonons and Thermodynamical Properties (lecture) (Prof. C. K. Yang)  
第13週
12/03  Ch. 7 Calculation of Phonons and Thermodynamical Properties (hands-on excises) (Prof. C. K. Yang)  
第14週
12/10  Ch. 8 Calculation of Optical Properties (lecture)  
第15週
12/17  Ch. 8 Calculation of Optical Properties (hands-on excise)  
第16週
12/24  Ch. 9 Calculation of Magnetic Properties (lecture)  
第17週
12/31  National Holiday/no class 
第18週
1/7  Ch. 9 Calculation of Magnetic Properties (hands-on excise) ;
Take-home Final Exam.